Saturday, August 31, 2019

Medieval Era And Gawain And Green Knight English Literature Essay

One of the most honest and glorious epochs of all clip was the mediaeval period. The narrative of ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ‘ portrays this facet of life throughout the full narrative. Although there were a batch of great narratives written during this point in clip, this one stood out the most amongst all the others. The mediaeval period, while really structured and proper, had a batch of really disgraceful things that went on in mundane lives. The narrative ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ‘ was written in a verse type of manner like many of the other narratives thought up during this epoch. Because the narrative was written in such a splendorous and elaborate manner, nevertheless, it is known as a arresting success. Again, like many of the other narratives written from 500-1500, these narratives were composed as many states were going shaped into the states they are today. Many of the narratives written during this clip were besides written with many literacy traditions that the people of that epoch would understand ; better than the people reading the narrative today. Peoples in the Middle Ages were considered â€Å" homogenous. † Basically, all of the people, work forces and adult females, operated in the same mode, but were really of many diverse civilizations. Therefore, because ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ‘ was written in the metropolis of Birmingham, a European state, it portrays the life that the people lived during that clip in that part. In the medieval epoch, the construction of their society was really dainty and proper. They had a male monarch and a queen, princesses and knights, and etc. The male monarch was in charge of everything and everyone in the land had to reply to him. Now in the instance of ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ‘ they use a similar construction. The Sir Gawain is evidently beneath King Arthur for multiple grounds. First off, the manner they communicate with each other tells the reader rather a spot about where each individual stood. For case, the fact that King Arthur stairss down when â€Å" Sir Gawain † asks to take on the undertakings of the Green Knight shows rather a spot on how things were done back so. Sir Gawain asks to turn out himself, merely as King Arthur did before he merely about took off the Green Knight ‘s caput, to be courageous and honored by others. By making so, Sir Gawain will derive the regard he deserves from everyone, every bit good as maybe kn ock some of the fright of decease out of him every bit good. Although, Sir Gawain is beneath King Arthur, he is one of the most extremely apprehended knights that are among King Arthur ‘s tribunal. We know this because of the trust that King Arthur puts into him. When Sir Gawain says that he is traveling to take on the undertakings of the Green Knight, King Arthur allows him to make this with without vacillation. Even though Sir Gawain makes some â€Å" humanly † errors, throughout the narrative, he is still considered a really charming character in the narrative. Besides, when Sir Gawain does take on the duties of the Green Knight he does so entirely without aid from his fellow knights. Obviously, King Arthur thinks that he is â€Å" worthy † plenty to take the Green Knight on by himself. During his travel to the Green Knight ‘s palace, Sir Gawain is asked to remain at a different palace where the Godhead greets him with great cordial reception. The host asks Sir Gawain to remain a piece with them at his topographic point, and promises to allow Sir Gawain leave on New Year ‘s Day to contend the Green Knight. While Sir Gawain is remaining at the host ‘s palace the host asks him to rest while he goes out to run each twenty-four hours. The gimmick of the affair is that Sir Gawain would give back, to the host, what he had been given that twenty-four hours and the host would give him what he had caught that twenty-four hours. We start to see that Sir Gawain ends up snoging the lady of the palace on each twenty-four hours while the host Hunts game each twenty-four hours. The host gave a banquet and Sir Gawain kissed the host each dark ; to give back what he had been given each twenty-four hours. On the last twenty-four hours at the palace Sir Gawain is giv en a sash and Sir Gawain does non state the host. When he goes to the Green Knight the following twenty-four hours he laughs in Sir Gawain ‘s face for have oning the sash, evidently non giving it to the host. It was a trial for Sir Gawain. Thus, the Green Knight takes his â€Å" blows † and ends up merely cutting Sir Gawain ‘s cervix. Sir Gawain apologizes for non giving the sash to the host and the Green Knight takes the apology. Sir Gawain says he will have on the sash for the remainder of his life to remind him of his mistakes. When Sir Gawain returns to his place everyone greets him gleefully. Sir Gawain tells the whole tribunal of the escapade he had while he was gone. Everyone got a good laugh out of it and yet felt sorry for him every bit good. They all decided to have on green sashes every bit good in award of Sir Gawain ‘s courage and embarrassment. Basically, they ended up honouring him to the highest extent by making so for him. King Arthur did non even complain about anyone making so, which shows that King Arthur had somewhat regard for this one knight of his. He did non even get covetous of Sir Gawain for this either, which shows that he trust Sir Gawain plenty to non acquire a â€Å" large caput † about what he did. As in lasting the â€Å" undertakings † of the Green Knight and being honored by all â€Å" King Arthurs † people. Honestly, the sad portion of this full narrative is that the writer is unknown. We truly can non appreciate his work to the fullest extent ; as in it reflected the Middle Ages really good. I believe that this narrative will go on to be successful for many old ages to come. It portrays how life one time was long ago ; along with an interesting narrative.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Investment Decision Methods Essay

Financial managers use many different kinds of investment decision methods while making capital investments. The four widely used and major methods are i. Payback ii. Net present value (NPV) iii. Internal rate of Return (IRR) iv. Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) The payback method tells us the time that is needed to retrieve a projects cost. When we have to select between two projects we will choose the one which has a shorter payback period or which is returning the costs in a shorter time period. Advantages of the payback method are that it is easy to calculate and that it gives a good indication of projects liquidity. But the disadvantages are that it does not consider the time value of money and does not consider those cash flows which occur after the payback period. The Net Present Value method tells us the sum of the present value of the projects cash inflows and cash outflows. When deciding for NPV the first consideration should be whether the two projects are independent or mutually exclusive. For the independent projects accept all projects which have a NPV greater than zero. While for mutually exclusive projects; the project with the highest NPV should be selected. Some advantages of the NPV method are that it gives information if the invest will increase the firm’s value. Moreover it considers three important aspects; the time value of money, all cash flows involved and the risk associated with the future cash flows. While its disadvantages are that it has to approximate the cost of capital for the calculation of NPV and it gives the result in absolute terms rather than percentages. Internal Rate of Return method tells us the discount rate at which the present value of future cash inflows is equal to the cost, the NPV at such a point is zero. In case of IRR method; if the IRR is greater than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) the project should be accepted while if it is less than WACC it should be rejected. The IRR method and NPV method have many common advantages and disadvantages as discussed while discussing NPV. In case of the IRR method the basic advantage is that it gives the rate of return on the original investment. While the disadvantage is that it can give you conflicting values for the IRR when calculating for mutually exclusive projects. Modified Internal Rate of Return method tells us the discount rate at which the present value of the projects terminal value is equal to the present value of the cost. In this scenario the terminal value is calculated by compounding the future inflows at WACC or any suitable rate chosen by the analyst. When making the accept reject decision the project should be accepted when the MIRR is greater than the NPV and rejected if the case is opposite. The advantages of the MIRR method are almost similar to the IRR method but one added advantage is that it gives only one rate even in case of mutually exclusive projects. The disadvantage is that it assumes a rate while finding the terminal value this assumption can make the whole project doubtful. Deciding which method is the most accurate and reliable is a tricky job sometimes. The payback method and the MIRR method are not considered to be reliable because of their major disadvantages mentioned above. While the NPV and IRR methods are both considered reliable and are the basic tools to judge any investment decision. Both give similar results when deciding independent projects. While deciding mutually exclusive projects the NPV method is considered more reliable and accurate because the IRR method sometimes provides two IRR values, it is rather difficult to calculate and it makes a reinvestment supposition which is very unrealistic. Due to the factors mentioned above NPV is considered the most reliable and accurate investment decision method.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Aircraft Mechanics and Aircraft Inspectors

ww. ontario. ca/jobfutures  © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2009 Aircraft inspectors perform some or all of the following duties: †¢ †¢ †¢ Inspect structural and mechanical systems of aircraft and certify that these systems meet Transport Canada and company standards of performance and safety; Inspect work of aircraft mechanics performing maintenance, repair and overhaul, or modification of aircraft and aircraft mechanical systems to ensure adherence to standards and procedures; Maintain detailed repair, inspection and certification records and reports. Operations, which are carried out mostly in hangars, expose workers to noise, vibration, liquids, fumes and other hazards requiring the use of safety equipment and clothing. A five-day, 40-hour workweek including shift work and overtime is normal. Education/Training Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT) A minimum of high school education as well as a community college certificate in aircraft maintenance is required. Most colleges are dual- accredited by both Transport Canada and Canadian Aviation Maintenance Council (CAMC), meaning that graduates get credit for the technical examination towards Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing and credit towards CAMC certification as an aircraft maintenance technician. Aircraft Structures Technician (AST) The minimum education level is high school plus a formal community college training program in aircraft structures. Most colleges are dual accredited by Transport Canada and CAMC meaning that graduates get credit for the technical examination toward Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing and credit toward CAMC certification as an aircraft maintenance technician. Several years of on the job training are then required to gain the necessary experience for CAMC certification and/or Transport Canada licensing. Experienced structures technicians with the equivalent of three years of documented experience can apply for an S category licence. Avionics Maintenance Technician (AvMT) There are basically two types of avionics maintenance technicians. One works at a bench/station in the electrical/avionics backshop where tests are conducted with specialized test equipment, and repairs are made or parts replaced. The second type of technician works in line maintenance and is a specialist in trouble shooting and solving avionics problems at the â€Å"gate†. The minimum education level is high school with good physics and mathematics attributes. A structured community college certificate is also required or a recognized apprenticeship program. Most colleges are dual accredited by Transport Canada and CAMC meaning that graduates get credit for the technical examination towards Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing and credit towards CAMC certification as an aircraft maintenance technician. After two to three years experience, the technician can apply for CAMC certification. After the equivalent of four years experience, an avionics epair technician can apply for an E category licence. Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) Page 2 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures After the equivalent of four years on the job experience, an aircraft maintenance technician can apply for an AME licence. An M1 or M2 license is awarded depending on the aircraft size for which the job experience applies. Military aircraft technicians can apply for a civil AME after civil aircraft experience is obtained. Aviation Maintenance Inspector Completion of secondary school is required. Candidates must have industry qualifications such as CAMC certification or CAMC-approved experience and training or an Aviation Maintenance Engineer (AME) licence. They must obtain an Aircraft Maintenance and Inspection Certificate for the types of aircraft and power plants upon which the candidate is normally employed. Supervisor experience is often desired by industry for this occupation. Candidates are required to have one year’s experience performing aviation maintenance inspections on aeronautical product, and must possess formalized aviation-related trade qualifications such as an AME license or CAMC certification or a candidate must have five years of on-the-job experience performing aviation maintenance inspections in aeronautical products An apprenticeship training program exists in Ontario for aircraft maintenance engineer but certification is not a compulsory work requirement in the province. Entry to apprenticeship requires a job and usually completion of Grade 12. The apprentice applies directly to the employer, union or joint industry committee for an apprenticeship opening. Students who have completed Grade 10 have an opportunity to become registered apprentices while finishing high school under the Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program. Alternatively, entry into apprenticeship can be pursued through pre-apprenticeship training. Employment Prospect Over the next five years: Average Opportunities for employment in this occupation are expected to be average over the period from 2009 to 2013. Despite the recent difficulties facing many North American airlines, the demand for more skilled workers, particularly in the maintenance sector is increasing. In addition, an aging workforce will create additional job opportunities through retirements. Industry growth and demographics will require that the aviation sector recruit and train sufficient new entrants with the appropriate skills in order to prevent self-induced shrinkage in that sector. According to the CAMC, unless significant and fundamental changes occur now, shortages of Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs) and non-AME technicians will be widespread across the maintenance sub-sector through to 2015. Employment prospects will also continue to be good for these workers since many students with the aptitude to work on planes are choosing instead to go to university or work in computer related fields. Aircraft Maintenance Technician (unlicensed) are expected to posses the skills and knowledge of a licensed AME (Aircraft Maintenance Engineer). Employers place considerable emphasis on attitude, teamwork skills and technical knowledge. Aircraft Structures Technician (unlicensed) will need to acquire experience in structures such as composite repairs in addition to aluminium sheet metal and steel as demand for lap joint repairs falls in newer aircrafts. Avionics Maintenance Technician (unlicensed) will need to obtain skills in line maintenance and troubleshooting as more elaborate electrical systems are installed on new aircrafts. Page 3 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Aviation Maintenance Inspector will become the â€Å"super AME† possessing in-depth knowledge of all of an aircraft’s various systems. Aviation maintenance inspectors will be supported by a team of specialist system technicians. Characteristics of Occupation Estimated Employment in 2006 4,295 General Characteristics Male Female Full-Time Part-Time Self Employed Employees Unemployment Rate Main Industries of Employment Transportation and Warehousing Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Public Administration Wholesale Trade All Other Industries %) 96 4 95 3 5 95 2 (%) 54 22 11 4 9 (%) This Occupation 9 7 2 46 9 11 3 (%) All Occupations 10 3 3 45 10 11 5 Employment by Economic Region Ottawa Kingston – Pembroke Muskoka – Kawarthas Toronto Kitchener – Waterloo – Barrie Hamilton – Niagara Peninsula London Page 4 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Windsor – Sarnia Stratford – Bruce Peninsula Northeast Northwest 1 2 5 5 5 2 4 2 Income Annual Average Employment Income of Persons Employed Full-Time Full-Year in 2005 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 This Occupation All Occupations $58,294 $56,033 Additional Information Sources Additional information about this occupation can be obtained from the following web sites: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Aerospace Industries Association of Canada (www. aiac. ca) Canadian Aviation Maintenance Council (www. camc. ca) Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities (www. edu. gov. on. ca/eng/training/apprenticeship/appren. html) Transport Canada (www. tc. gc. ca) Page 5 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Page 6 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Page 7 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Aircraft Mechanics and Aircraft Inspectors ww. ontario. ca/jobfutures  © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2009 Aircraft inspectors perform some or all of the following duties: †¢ †¢ †¢ Inspect structural and mechanical systems of aircraft and certify that these systems meet Transport Canada and company standards of performance and safety; Inspect work of aircraft mechanics performing maintenance, repair and overhaul, or modification of aircraft and aircraft mechanical systems to ensure adherence to standards and procedures; Maintain detailed repair, inspection and certification records and reports. Operations, which are carried out mostly in hangars, expose workers to noise, vibration, liquids, fumes and other hazards requiring the use of safety equipment and clothing. A five-day, 40-hour workweek including shift work and overtime is normal. Education/Training Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT) A minimum of high school education as well as a community college certificate in aircraft maintenance is required. Most colleges are dual- accredited by both Transport Canada and Canadian Aviation Maintenance Council (CAMC), meaning that graduates get credit for the technical examination towards Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing and credit towards CAMC certification as an aircraft maintenance technician. Aircraft Structures Technician (AST) The minimum education level is high school plus a formal community college training program in aircraft structures. Most colleges are dual accredited by Transport Canada and CAMC meaning that graduates get credit for the technical examination toward Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing and credit toward CAMC certification as an aircraft maintenance technician. Several years of on the job training are then required to gain the necessary experience for CAMC certification and/or Transport Canada licensing. Experienced structures technicians with the equivalent of three years of documented experience can apply for an S category licence. Avionics Maintenance Technician (AvMT) There are basically two types of avionics maintenance technicians. One works at a bench/station in the electrical/avionics backshop where tests are conducted with specialized test equipment, and repairs are made or parts replaced. The second type of technician works in line maintenance and is a specialist in trouble shooting and solving avionics problems at the â€Å"gate†. The minimum education level is high school with good physics and mathematics attributes. A structured community college certificate is also required or a recognized apprenticeship program. Most colleges are dual accredited by Transport Canada and CAMC meaning that graduates get credit for the technical examination towards Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) licensing and credit towards CAMC certification as an aircraft maintenance technician. After two to three years experience, the technician can apply for CAMC certification. After the equivalent of four years experience, an avionics epair technician can apply for an E category licence. Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) Page 2 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures After the equivalent of four years on the job experience, an aircraft maintenance technician can apply for an AME licence. An M1 or M2 license is awarded depending on the aircraft size for which the job experience applies. Military aircraft technicians can apply for a civil AME after civil aircraft experience is obtained. Aviation Maintenance Inspector Completion of secondary school is required. Candidates must have industry qualifications such as CAMC certification or CAMC-approved experience and training or an Aviation Maintenance Engineer (AME) licence. They must obtain an Aircraft Maintenance and Inspection Certificate for the types of aircraft and power plants upon which the candidate is normally employed. Supervisor experience is often desired by industry for this occupation. Candidates are required to have one year’s experience performing aviation maintenance inspections on aeronautical product, and must possess formalized aviation-related trade qualifications such as an AME license or CAMC certification or a candidate must have five years of on-the-job experience performing aviation maintenance inspections in aeronautical products An apprenticeship training program exists in Ontario for aircraft maintenance engineer but certification is not a compulsory work requirement in the province. Entry to apprenticeship requires a job and usually completion of Grade 12. The apprentice applies directly to the employer, union or joint industry committee for an apprenticeship opening. Students who have completed Grade 10 have an opportunity to become registered apprentices while finishing high school under the Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program. Alternatively, entry into apprenticeship can be pursued through pre-apprenticeship training. Employment Prospect Over the next five years: Average Opportunities for employment in this occupation are expected to be average over the period from 2009 to 2013. Despite the recent difficulties facing many North American airlines, the demand for more skilled workers, particularly in the maintenance sector is increasing. In addition, an aging workforce will create additional job opportunities through retirements. Industry growth and demographics will require that the aviation sector recruit and train sufficient new entrants with the appropriate skills in order to prevent self-induced shrinkage in that sector. According to the CAMC, unless significant and fundamental changes occur now, shortages of Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs) and non-AME technicians will be widespread across the maintenance sub-sector through to 2015. Employment prospects will also continue to be good for these workers since many students with the aptitude to work on planes are choosing instead to go to university or work in computer related fields. Aircraft Maintenance Technician (unlicensed) are expected to posses the skills and knowledge of a licensed AME (Aircraft Maintenance Engineer). Employers place considerable emphasis on attitude, teamwork skills and technical knowledge. Aircraft Structures Technician (unlicensed) will need to acquire experience in structures such as composite repairs in addition to aluminium sheet metal and steel as demand for lap joint repairs falls in newer aircrafts. Avionics Maintenance Technician (unlicensed) will need to obtain skills in line maintenance and troubleshooting as more elaborate electrical systems are installed on new aircrafts. Page 3 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Aviation Maintenance Inspector will become the â€Å"super AME† possessing in-depth knowledge of all of an aircraft’s various systems. Aviation maintenance inspectors will be supported by a team of specialist system technicians. Characteristics of Occupation Estimated Employment in 2006 4,295 General Characteristics Male Female Full-Time Part-Time Self Employed Employees Unemployment Rate Main Industries of Employment Transportation and Warehousing Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Public Administration Wholesale Trade All Other Industries %) 96 4 95 3 5 95 2 (%) 54 22 11 4 9 (%) This Occupation 9 7 2 46 9 11 3 (%) All Occupations 10 3 3 45 10 11 5 Employment by Economic Region Ottawa Kingston – Pembroke Muskoka – Kawarthas Toronto Kitchener – Waterloo – Barrie Hamilton – Niagara Peninsula London Page 4 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Windsor – Sarnia Stratford – Bruce Peninsula Northeast Northwest 1 2 5 5 5 2 4 2 Income Annual Average Employment Income of Persons Employed Full-Time Full-Year in 2005 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 This Occupation All Occupations $58,294 $56,033 Additional Information Sources Additional information about this occupation can be obtained from the following web sites: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Aerospace Industries Association of Canada (www. aiac. ca) Canadian Aviation Maintenance Council (www. camc. ca) Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities (www. edu. gov. on. ca/eng/training/apprenticeship/appren. html) Transport Canada (www. tc. gc. ca) Page 5 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Page 6 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures Page 7 www. ontario. ca/jobfutures

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

How does Starbuck or IKEA create the customer experience in their Essay

How does Starbuck or IKEA create the customer experience in their marketing - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that customer experience is generated when the customer engages in â€Å"contact† with the company. This contact can be generated â€Å"directly†, that is through purchase of product/service, use of product/service and after sales service provided by the company. Contact can also be created â€Å"indirectly† where customer experience is created through means such as advertisement, promotion, reviews and recommendations. The internet is becoming an important tool in forming an indirect contact between the company and its customers and hence in creating customer experience in this modern business landscape. A flourishing customer experience can be created by entrenching all the company’s products with the company’s core value proposition. Another important nugget is that the expectations of the customer are shaped in part by the type of experience they’ve had with the company recently. So if they had a good experience, they will expect more out of the company and its product offerings. IKEA goes out of the way to create customer experience for its customers. Its website is welcoming and easy to navigate. It guides the customer through the whole process of coming to IKEA and making a purchase from the store. Things like â€Å"make a list before you leave home† and â€Å"make yourselves at home† serve to engage the customer in a warm and trusting relationship. Further, IKEA has an in-store restaurant in case customers get hungry. They also have a play area for kids where parents can leave them under supervision and shop at the store in peace. These little things may not seem much, but added up they add immense positive value to the store’s customer experience. They also offer very competitive prices for their products and make the whole process easier for the customers by allowing them to pay through several different modes; any of which is more convenient to th e customer. Recently, IKEA has also launched an application for its catalogue to increase customer experience. The company has picked up on the changing trends and increasing reliance on and usage of cell phones and thus has launched a mobile app which will enable customers to â€Å"browse IKEA’s product range, check product information and stock availability†. Furthermore, what really makes IKEA great is it’s in-depth and accurate understanding of its customers. The store already incorporates everything the customer might need and keeps updating according to customer needs frequently. According to Berry et al., an important part of customer value is the emotional aspect of it. Although functionality is also important, emotions need to be managed with increased thoroughness to reap continuous benefits and form valuable and lasting relationships with the customer. But this effort will have to be thoroughly implied throughout the organization in order to show resu lts; simply â€Å"tweaking† and putting in â€Å"isolated pockets† will not have the desired positive effects and result in a failed attempt to gain advantage of fruitful customer relations. In this aspect, IKEA puts forward one of its best moves as being a child friendly store.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Mentally Disordered Suspects, Defendants and Offenders Essay

Mentally Disordered Suspects, Defendants and Offenders - Essay Example As per Bibby v Chief Constable of Essex the court determined that the Constable could arrest a person who could commit an act of violence or could breach the peace (Jerrard, 2000). Under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act a police officer can detain a person who is considered to be mentally disordered. The police officer can remove the person from a public place (such as in this case) and take them to a â€Å"place of safety† including a police station or a psychiatric hospital ward. Further assessment can take place in these places in order to implement treatment under Section 2 or Section 3 of the Mental Health Act (Legislation Government of United Kingdom, 2012 a). b) Discuss police obligations in relation to vulnerable detainees, and with reference to research findings, evaluate the possibility of appropriate intervention being made in Wayne’s case. The police are under obligation of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act to go for an assessment as soon as the perso n is at a â€Å"place of safety† which could be either the police station or a psychiatric hospital ward. The assessment is carried out by two doctors, typically a general practitioner (GP) and a psychiatrist as well as an Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) such that at least one doctor is a Section 12 approved doctor. The subject assessment may recommend treatment under Section 2 or Section 3 but given the current circumstances the possibility of Section 2 based treatment is high. Section 2 recommends detained treatment for patients who need to be monitored during treatment. Since Wayne has left the treatment system once before so Section 2 is more appropriate1 for ensuring that Wayne undergoes the entire treatment procedure. c) Critically assess the opportunities for diversion at this stage of the criminal justice process. The policemen attending the call for a â€Å"drunken homeless person† would have no idea of Wayne’s background unless he is brought to the station for identification. If careful attention is not paid to Wayne’s background as suffering from schizophrenia, there are chances that he would be prosecuted for breach of peace. This would preclude any chances of mental health assessment and would force Wayne into prison for his actions (though this may not be necessary). The eventual consequence of this approach would be that Wayne would be released back into society again without any changes to his persona. The brush with the criminal justice system may make Wayne more violent and thus a greater danger to public safety. Since Wayne is not involved in a serious crime so there are chances that police in more busy precincts may not adopt the complete procedure for mental health assessment. d) What after care provision should be available for Wayne when he is discharged from hospital? And is there any evidence to suggest that this will prevent the recurrence of these events? The Mental Health Act does not provide f or community intervention and when it does it is only weakly applicable. The real measure of after care provided by the community is â€Å"guardianship† that mandates that the patient will reside at a particular address, will attend a specific clinic regularly and may attend designated workplaces or educational institutions. However, all of this information must be tabulated and followed up after the patient is discharged from the hospital and such follow-up cannot be enforced onto the patient. Section 117 provides that patients who are

Monday, August 26, 2019

Essay on Abotion Rights Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Abotion Rights - Essay Example These exceptions however did not have proper definition especially in the context of the health of the mother. The Doe vs. Bolton case ruled by the Supreme Court helped to widen the definition of mother’s health to include psychological, emotional and physical impacts of a pregnancy on the mother thus creating an environment favorable for more abortions. This is due to the fact that Georgia and Texas prohibited abortions that did not pose any threats to the life of the mother especially if the pregnancy was more than 6 months (Ginsburg, 2009). In such a circumstance, a single mother such as Roe could not have performed an abortion irrespective of the fact that the pregnancy was a psychological and emotional burden for her. However, the Supreme Court ruling opened a platform for the formation of groups such as the prolife, to counter the relaxation of abortion laws and the subsequent formation of prochoice organizations to counter the prolife movements. This paper is a critical evaluation of abortion in the US with respect to prolife and prochoice arguments. Discussion Abortion should be legalized in all states as not only is this the right thing to do, but also due to the fact that government interference in personal matters amounts to infringement of the right to privacy as well as freedom of choice (Ginsburg, 2009). Unplanned pregnancies occur on daily basis either due to ignorance, carelessness, failure of contraceptives to inhibit fertilization or due to criminal activities such as rape among other factors. Despite the factors behind a pregnancy, it is the prerogative of a woman to choose the right time to start a family and this should be respected by the government and the society at large. The US is a democratic nation in which basic freedoms are protected by various acts of parliament as well as international treaties that the country is party to. Though the right to privacy is not written in the US constitution, the 9th amendment protects such r ights from government interference. With regard to this right, a woman has the freedom to determine what happens with her body whether in terms of health or other occurrences that may subject her to emotional stress. Therefore, it is unethical for the government even to contemplate limiting what she can or cannot do with her body unless her actions contravene the laws stipulated in the constitution. The 14th amendment also requires due process while depriving a person of his or her liberties and therefore it is wrong for a government to deny women the right to their bodily privacy arbitrarily without considering their individual predicaments (Baird, 2001). The government should legalize abortion in order to reduce the prevalence of unsafe abortions in the country. It is a fact that criminalization of abortion does not lower the demand for abortion. Indeed, it only creates an opportunity for rogue physicians to open illegal clinics, which operate under unhygienic and dangerous condit ions as a result of lack of government supervision. In case these women die or become sterile as a consequence of these abortions, there is no way they can seek legal redress to make the physicians accountable owing to the fact that they would be on the wrong side of the law themselves for having agreed to have the abortion. Some of the physicians operating these clinics are only motivated by the greed for money and riches and therefore, it may be easy to understand if they decide not

Master of Arts in Quantitative Analysis for Business Personal Statement

Master of Arts in Quantitative Analysis for Business - Personal Statement Example I have a desire to make educational and professional progress in the field of business management because of my huge interest in this field. I also want to take part in the economic progress and development and of my country. I have a belief that a country can progress only if its citizens get high quality education from the most prestigious universities of the world. Through the research, I have come to know that the name of university would be the most suitable university, which can help me fulfill my aim to get a high quality master’s degree in the field of business. I am seeking a career in some field related to statistical business analysis, and that can be possible if I get the opportunity to study under the supervision of highly qualified faculty of this university. I believe that my relevant educational background and interest in business management make me a suitable candidate for getting admission in the name of university. I am sending this statement of purpose to get admission in the Master’s of Arts in Quantitative Analysis for Business program. I would be grateful if the authorities accept my application and let me pursue my academic goals from this great university. I am looking forward to hear from you

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Ulysses S. Grant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ulysses S. Grant - Research Paper Example At the college, he established repute as a daring and proficient horseman (Rice 12). During the Mexican-American conflict, Grant served under Generals Taylor Zachary and Scott Winfield, participating in the battles ofPalo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterrey, and Veracruz. Grant was brevetted twice for gallantry: at Chapultepec and Molino Del Rey and. On 31st July, 1854, Grant quitted from the military (Crow 56). On 24th April, 1861, 10 days following the collapse of Fort-Sumter, Commander Grant landed in Springfield, Illinois, together with a syndicate of men Grant had nurtured (Rice 12). The governor sensed that a West-Point man might be positioned to worthier use and assigned him as the 21st Illinois-Infantry colonel (effective 17th June, 1861) (Lagueux 47). In 7THAugust, Grant was chosenas the brigadier-general-of-volunteers (Rice 12).Ulysses Grant presented the Union-Army its leading major conquest of the American-Civil-War throughapprehending Fort of Henry, Tennessee, in 6thFebr uary of1862, and afterward Fort of Donelson, in which Grant demanded the well-known expressions of "unconditional surrender" as well as apprehended a Confederate military (Crow 56). ... river fortress, Mississippi, during 1863 is deemed to be the extremely masterful within soldierly history; it divided the Coalition in 2, and it embodied the 2ndmajor Confederate military to yield to Grant (Rice 12).Grant Ulysses was the deliverer of Union-forces besieged at Chattanooga, Tennessee, firmly beating Bragg Braxton and opening away to Atlanta, and Confederacy’s core (Crow 56). His disposition to fight as well ascapacity to win fascinated President Lincoln, who selected him as lieutenant-general, a novel rank newlysanctioned by the AmericanAssembly with Grant on mind—in 2 March, 1864 (Bunting 101). On 12thMarch, Grant Ulysses became the general-in-chief of the entireUnited States’ army (Perret 34). In March of 1864, Grant positioned Major Genera Sherman v William in immediate control of all Western forces and relocated his head office to Virginia whereinGrant turned his mind to the long- hindered Union endeavor to terminate the Robert Lee’s army ; his secondary aim was to seize the Confederate’s capital, Richmond, Virginia (Eicher 219). Despite the substantial losses, Grant established a nine-month restriction of Lee's militarywithin the city(Bunting 101). Grant dispatched Sheridan Philip to the Valley of Shenandoah to beat the Jubal’s army early and terminate the farms furnishing Lee (Perret 34). Grant's persistent pressure decisively forced Robert Lee to abandon Richmond and yield at Appomattox Court-House on 9th April, 1865 (Crow 56). Grant presented generous terms, which did plentiful to lessen the tensions amid the forces and safeguard some Southern pride semblancethat would be required to resolve the opposing sides (Eicher 219). In a few months, the American Civil-War was commendably over, though minor engagements carried on until Smith

Saturday, August 24, 2019

International Relations and Foreign Policy Essay

International Relations and Foreign Policy - Essay Example 89-91). However, it is arguable that international relations theories are not self-explanatory of the behavior of all countries and cannot be applied to all circumstances. While the theories are general in nature, they do seek to explain the behavior of nations in general during some of the most important events in history such as the World Wars and other economic treaties (Dougherty and Pfaltzgraff, 2001, pp.95-96). Foreign policy regards the policy or the set of norms that a country adopts regarding its personal behavior with other nations. These norms may govern aspects such as trade, alliances, aid, peace treaties, military support, coalitions, and other matters. Foreign policy is arguably a determinant of a country’s personal circumstances and their own relative power in the international arena. Critics (Janis, 1972, pp. 45-46) may argue that foreign policy is not set according to the activities conducted in the international arena, but is set according to the individual domestic factors of a country itself and the preferences and prejudices of its leader. Therefore, if this is the case, this suggests that international theories, which generalize the behavior of countries throughout the world, are not relevant when it comes to devising theories of foreign policy. Being a neo-realist, Kenneth Waltz claims that international theories do not consider enough variables specific to countries; hence, they cannot be used to predict foreign policy and are not applicable in this regard. However, if international relations theory cannot be applied to predict or analyze the behavior of countries and are not explanatory of their foreign policy, then what is their use? This paper aims to explore the difference between theories of international relations and theories of foreign policy, while explaining the main two international theories prevalent in the international arena. The main emphasis of this paper will be upon the neo-realist school of thought and Kenneth Waltz’ considerations of why the neo-realist theory is inadequate to predict the behavior of individual states and therefore is not applicable as a theory of foreign policy. The aim of this paper will be to refute Kenneth Waltz argument that international relations theories cannot be used as theories of foreign policy through the aid of academic articles. International Relations theories are highly popular when it comes to finding explanations regarding the behavior of countries collectively and in general terms. The theories consider the behavior of all countries to be alike while accounting for variables such as their military strength, economic prosperity, power in the international arena, and their motives (Janis, 1972, pp. 88-89). These theories are supposedly used as indicators of the behavior of countries in different circumstances and as predictive measures. The most popular theories of international relations include realism and liberalism. The two schools of though t, realism, and liberalism are quite divergent from one another and are complete opposite theories. Hence, here has been a longstanding debate between the supporters of both schools of thought. The liberalists believe that morals, international organizations, and legislation or law governs the world. For liberalists, the power

Friday, August 23, 2019

Explain the principle behind the concept of ''General Average''. What Assignment

Explain the principle behind the concept of ''General Average''. What are the essential elements of the 'York-Antwerp Rules' that define a 'General Average' act - Assignment Example In 1864 the York Rules were developed and this was followed with the Antwerp York Rules of 1877. The York Antwerp Rules were the first codification of the General Average. The elements of the York Antwerp Rules include a common danger, voluntary jettison and effort to save must be successful. General Average has many applications including in marine insurance. Current issues with regard to the application of the General average relate to Piracy. The bone of contention is whether general average can be applied in a case of piracy. There exist guidelines that categorically state a situation in which piracy can be covered by the general average. According to Tetley (2000), the principle of GA (General Average) dates to as far back as 3000 years ago. The Rhodian law that was in existence at around this time embodied the principle of general advantage. The principle read in part that in an effort to make a ship to be light, merchandise may be thrown overboard. It goes ahead to state that, that which has been sacrificed (given) for the benefit of all, then, it shall be restored by the contributions of every one. Currently, a record of the Rhodian law is inexistent. The Roman Law is the only source that captures the Rhodian law. The Roman law was captured, expanded and repeated in the Roles of Oleron. The first English decision that has been recorded in reference to the principle of general average was in the year 1799. The first American decision was in 1798 (Tetley, 2000). This was a maritime law concept both in practice and in origin and it had a very restricted application. With time, the evolution of commerce led to the use of general average as a form of marine insurance. There was sharing of losses and risks during maritime ventures. The cargo owner had a right to claim for losses. The ship owner was also allowed to make claims for compensation for the losses that could not be attributed to his fault. The parties made so many

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Protecting and Preserving Our Environment Essay Example for Free

Protecting and Preserving Our Environment Essay Our planet Earth is dying. This is a fact that we are experiencing, caused by our own behaviors. The term â€Å"dying’’ is true, because our lifestyle is causing serious damage to the environment and might lead to the termination of humanity if those actions are not stopped. We all share a role in protecting and preserving our environment because it is the primary and the only place for us to live and develop new generations. We all are consumers, but there is a huge difference between a wise consumer and an average consumer in terms of protecting the environment and homeland. As consumers, we always look for the lowest price without putting in mind the potential damage a product can cause to our environment. A perfect example is plastic bottles. We always buy plastic bottled products without knowing whether they are recyclable or not. In fact, it is estimated that 80% of plastic bottles are not being recycled (Greenupgrader.com). A nonrecyclable plastic bottle may last as long as 1000 years before it biodegrades completely (Answers.com). Another notable fact is that 1 ton of recycled plastic bottles would save more than 7.4 cubic yards of landfill (Earth911.com). If we all move to buying recyclable bottles and recycle them, we would save our environment from mountains of discarded bottles. Also, we may save our environment from tons of toxic vapors caused by burning plastic bottles. Controlling air pollution is another crucial factor in preserving our environment. In the past, people were not worried about the potential harm the environment is exposed to because of their acts; however, they became much concerned and alarmed nowadays after they sensed the symptoms of the global warming. We all know about global warming and its side effects. We also know that we are all accused of that problem because of our actions, but why don’t we stop it? If we all try to reduce main factors of air pollution; we would decrease the global warming, and how is very easy. Reducing the use of fossil fuels is an excellent example. Hybrid or fully electric cars can produce 25% to 90% less toxic emissions than an ordinary gas powered vehicle (carbon-monoxide-poisoning.com). This means if we buy hybrid or fully electric cars; then we would contribute to the environment by reducing tons of toxic emissions from fossil fuel powered vehicles. Those toxic emissions cause about 51% of Carbon Monoxide in the air; which is an extremely toxic gas and fatal in high concentrations (thegoodairlady.com). Another great example of reducing air pollution is sharing a ride when commuting to work or school. Sharing a ride or â€Å"carpooling† reduces the number of running vehicles on roads and thus reducing the toxic emissions from them. If 500 people use carpooling every working day, then we would contribute to the environment by reducing as much as 60% of the total carbon monoxide in the air. Controlling air pollution is extremely important; however, excessive water consumption is even much more important and essential to humanity and next generations. Water is becoming scarce in different parts of the world, and this is because we don’t know how vital water conservation is. It is estimated that over 1.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to safe and fresh water to drink (Matt Scott). Isn’t 1.5 billion an astonishing number? , and don’t you think it is time to reduce our consumption not only for us, but also for the next generations? There are many ways to conserve water. One good example is the use of low flow shower head. A low flow shower head may reduce about 15 gallons of water during an average 10 minute shower (environment.nationalgeographic.com). In addition, we all have to regularly check our house for water leaks. Undiscovered water leakage could waste as much as 15,000 gallons of water a year. Moreover, try to avoid filling the bathtub and instead use the overhead shower. Taking a bath wastes about 70 gallons of water, while a normal 10 minute shower wastes only 20 gallons. The difference may not be significant, but over a long period, it does matter. Finally, I think if the majority of us went to one of the mentioned solutions and acted mindfully, then we would save our precious environment from pollution, water scarcity, and many other serious environmental issues. Environment conservation starts with me, you and all occupants of planet earth, so let us start protecting our lives and have a brighter future for the next generations. Works Cited Gunzelmann, Doug. â€Å"Plastic Bottle Facts Make You Think Before You Drink† August 2008 www.greenupgrader.com/3258/plastic-bottle-facts-make-you-think-before-you- drink/ Gunner, John. â€Å"How Long a Plastic Bottle Last Before it Decompose† April 2010 www.wiki.answers.com/Q/How_long_for_plastic_water_bottle_to_decompose Earth 911 â€Å"Plastic Recycling Facts† June 2007 www.earth911.com/recycling/plastic/plastic-bottle-recycling-facts/ Carbon Monoxide Poisoning â€Å"A Guide to Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning† www.carbon-monoxide-poisoning.com/article5-hybrid-car-emissions.html Sage Blossom Consulting. ‘’Car Pollution Facts’’ August 2007. www.thegoodairlady.com/car_pollution_facts_000233.html/ Matt, Scott. â€Å"40 Shocking Facts About Water’’ June 2009. www.metadornetwork.com/change/40-shocking/facts-about-water/ National Geographic â€Å"Water Conservation Tips† www.environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-conservation- tips/

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

John’s Termination Essay Example for Free

John’s Termination Essay This paper is about Mr. John who has been terminated by his boss and the reason behind this termination was the unsatisfactory standard of work that he did. This was really surprising for John as no one had ever objected about the work he did and so he was taken aback when he came to know about the termination. However, it was not entirely the fault of John as he had never been corrected before due to which he did not know about his mistakes. It is always wise for the management to opt for certain steps prior to the termination and even after the termination as it can have adverse affects on the other employees working in the organization. Before terminating John, it was the duty of the management to inform and to warn him about his performance at work as it is not ethical to terminate him in this way. Since the time an employee is hired, it is the responsibility of the human resource department of an organization to look after the employees. Firstly, they must conduct an effective recruitment process and securitizing of employees should be done carefully so that the employee is able to meet the expectations of the job. Once the employee is hired, proper training must be provided, however still if any employee is not capable he should first be warned and should be asked to improve but if he does not show any progress, he must be transferred to some other department or must be given some other job that suits his qualification and experience as termination should always be the last option for the management to opt for. The reason behind this is that termination always leaves a negative impact not just on the employee who has been terminated but on the existing employees as well as they might fear that even they can also be terminated in future. (Leat, 2001).

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Physical hazard

Physical hazard Can physical hazard really cause harm to consumer? Food hazard: A Food hazard can be defined as presence of undesirable matter in food which can cause negative effect on consuming it. There are three types of hazard in food industry: Physical, Chemical and Biological. Physical hazard is any foreign matter in food stuff which can cause injury or illness to a person consuming the product. These could be anything like bits of bone, piece of metal, packaging material, insects, etc. A physical hazard can enter into the food at any stage of the food production. The sources for these contaminants are raw materials, poorly maintained facilities and equipments, untrained employees, poor production procedure. To eliminate these hazards it is important to implement HACCP along with the Pre-requisite programmes such as good manufacturing practice, good hygiene, etc. It is considered to be quality issue and not as safety. A person consuming a food with physical hazard could be subjected to various risks. It can cause lacerations to mouth or throat. damage to teeth or gums. damage to stomach or intestine. How do they enter into foods? Physical hazards can enter into any stage of the production. Below are the listed out few examples. Metal: sources could be from machineries, hair, bits from knife, broken needles, and parts from vessels. Glass: sources can be broke bulbs, window panes, glass containers. Plastic: sources can be from packaging material, chopping boards, storage containers, gloves etc. Soil and stone: main sources can be from the field crops and also from the floors and ceiling of the factory. Classification of physical hazards: These are classified on their level of risks to the consumer. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has categorized physical hazards into three: Category I Category II Category III The category I expresses high risk, category II with a moderate risk and category III with the low risk of any cases due to physical hazard. The low risk zone expresses that there are good control measures in place but minor infractions occur. The moderate risk zone results in average control measures established and inconsistencies occur. The high risk results in due to little or no control and has major infractions occur. Every food has its own levels of risk and every food stuffs have to be monitored and made sure that appropriate control measures are in place to eliminate the hazard to an acceptable limit. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Objects which are hard or sharp of size 7-25mm in length represent potential physical hazard in food. Natural hard or sharp components like shells can cause injury to consumers if they do not know that they are a natural food component. Natural hard and soft objects which are usually removed in foods but are 100% effective such as presence of bone in fish fillets. Elimination of Physical hazards: There are systems and methods to eliminate physical hazard to an acceptable limit. HACCP and pre requisite programme is very important and effective. But to focus on the point of entry of hazards would be more effective, which are raw materials, storage and specifications. Inspection of raw material and food ingredient for any contaminants Eg: stones in rice. Storage Good storage practice and evaluation of potential risks in storage area Eg: Bulbs, insects, wooden pallets, etc. Could be prevented using bulb cover, prevention of insects. Specifications and control for all ingredients and components including raw materials and packaging materials. The specifications must comply with the rules. Eg: A limit of detection should be established to avoid false detection. Installing effective detection device and eliminating physical hazards. Eg: Metal detectors, filters etc). Periodic checking and upgrade of equipments in facilities to avoid source of physical hazards such as nuts and bolts from worn out equipments. Employment training on shipping, storing and handling of food materials will also help reducing physical hazards. How can physical hazards be detected and eliminated? There are different types of methods to detect physical hazards. Metal detectors will help in detecting metals in food stuffs. They can set up to products from the production line if metal is detected. It is also essential to check the detectors frequently to be accurate. X- Ray machines can also be used on food production lines to detect hazards such as stones, plastics, bones and metals, etc. Visual inspection could also help in a few cases of physical hazards. Chicken manufacturing factory: Let us consider process of raw breast chicken factory and the physical hazards involved. The process starts by getting the raw chicken from the primary producer. This is exercised by relying on supplier quality assurance (SQA) and this guarantee the supplier is meeting the specification of the buyer and the product is safe from hazards till the time of delivering it to the buyer. The chicken is cut; the skin is removed and cleaned. At this stage, physical hazards involved are pieces from the chopping board, chipped bits of knife, bones, feathers, etc. The hazards caused by these can be prevented by having good maintenance of the equipments along with proper training for the staffs. SSOPs (Sanitation Standard operating procedures) can help very much in cleaning of the machineries and equipments. This holds all records for cleaning routines in a daily basis and is signed off by a staff stating that the machine is free from any debris from the previous routine and is working up to its l evel. This is made mandatory in Meat and poultry operations from 1997 because of the products lower threshold of getting spoilt. The chicken is then packed and stored below 4C. Packing itself has high probability for physical hazards to be introduced, for example the packaging material, the labels used etc. Packing material can be a hazard and hence visual inspection can be done to ensure the packing. A detailed example for SSOP is given below to sanitize automated labelling machine. This is done on a daily basis and weekly once for cleaning the inside parts. Removal of all debris and physical matter. Wiped by a clean cloth dipped in soap water. A thin spray of QUATS (Ammonium compound) solution is applied and made to dry. Visual inspection is done to ensure that the machine is clean. If anything is broken it is always compulsory to call maintenance team to fix it. Once a physical hazard has been detected, an effective program should be exercised immediately to eliminate these threats or bring it to an acceptable level. HACCP will help to bring down the risk to an acceptable level or clear out every physical hazard from the system. Auditing process would bring out the area of weakness in the production cycle. Make sure that the CCPs (Critical control point) are covered by the respective critical limits. All the process is to be written into a record for future use in case of emergencies. A regular auditing will help the production within safe limits and not leading to any disaster. More assistance can be obtained from consulting services, trained HACCP professionals, on-site training for workers etc. Therefore to prevent any risk of food incidents to consumers and from economic downfall, it is obvious to identify and understand the prone hazards. Make sure effective control measures are in place that would reduce or remove any hazards entry sit uation. A well developed HACCP plan will help solve most of the possible hazard situation and a well controlled quality control system will be of a good support. Taking up these steps would ensure that a food produced in a factory is safe from any possible physical hazards. Reference: 1) http://foodsafety.unl.edu/haccp/start/Identifying%20Hazards%20Physical%20Hazards%20July%202003.pdf 2) http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/foodsafety/processor/pdf/cfs02s74.pdf 3) http://foodsafety.unl.edu/haccp/start/physical.html 4) http://www.foodsafety.com/haccp.html#five 5) http://cnx.org/content/m33333/latest/ 6) http://www.jphpk.gov.my/Agronomi/KAV/5HACCP1.pdf 7) http://foodsafety.unl.edu/haccp/prerequisites/sop.html

Monday, August 19, 2019

How Teachers Can Help Essay -- essays papers

How Teachers Can Help Attention Deficit Disorder can lead to several different problems such as slow work completion, inconsistent accuracy in class work and homework, and poor study skills (DuPaul & Stoner, 1994). In order to decrease the problems that result from the disorder, teachers must accommodate and assist the children by using various techniques and ideas. Even though medication is widely used as an intervention for students with ADD, training in â€Å"organizational strategies, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-instruction procedures can also help these students to perform better in general and special education settings (Shimabukuro & Prater, 1999).† Children with Attention Deficit Disorder need structure placed in their lives by the instructor because they can't provide it for themselves (Shore, 1998). The teacher can provide this by making the rules in the classroom clear to everyone and strictly enforcing them. They should have a predictable schedule each day because ADD students don't handle change very well. Another strategy to be used in the classroom is placing the student in a location of the room where he/she will not easily be distracted and position him/her beside a peer partner who can assist them with their assignments (Parker, 1996). Such a student should not be placed beside an air conditioner, pencil sharpener, window, etc (Kidsource, 2000). An ideal place may be by the teacher's desk where he/she can be readily monitored. Organization is a crucial component that a teacher should include when trying to instill the student with structure. In order to do this the teacher may pair the student up with a peer for assistance. The child should also be equipped with a pocket folder, and a three-... ...h improve concentration. Robbins, J. (2000). On the track with nuerofeedback. Newsweek, 135 (25) p76. Retrieved November 28, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. This journal contained information information on increasing beta waves and the statistics on who benefited form such a treatment. Fister, S. & Kemp, K. (1995). Academic strategies for children with add. Intervention in school & clinic, 30 (4) 8p. Retrieved November 27, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. Kai, L. (April 20,2001). Kids with attention deficit disorder can learn. P.27. Retrieved November 21, 2001 from Lexis-Nexis The article talks about how student scan learn through visual forms of teaching. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved November 30, 2001 from http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=42727&sctn=1&pm=1

Essay --

Aluminum vs Composites in Aircraft Construction Since the Wright Flyer first took off from Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903, aircraft designers have been searching for ever better materials to build aircraft with. Over the years, we have seen construction materials progress from simple wood frames covered with fabric to advanced structures built entirely out of metal. As aircraft designs became more advanced, the need arose for materials which offered both higher strength and lighter weight. Since the beginning of World War II, aircraft construction consisted mainly of structures built from aluminum. Beginning in the 1960’s, NASA and the United States military began experimenting with the use of composite materials in aircraft. This revolutionary material seemed to be the answer the aviation world was looking for. It promised both gains in strength and weight reduction. However, with more and more composites being added to aircraft over the years, problems arose which ultimately may negate the overall benefits of the co mposites. The first problem with the use of composites begin...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Why We Need Universal Healthcare Essay -- Health Care, Medicare

Why We Need Universal Healthcare Many would argue that here, in the United States, we have the best healthcare in the world. We benefit from the most up to date medical technologies, medications, and services. People come from every corner of the world to take advantage of our top notch physicians and facilities. But is this reputation warranted, and if so, at what cost? The average annual cost per US resident is $7,681; this comprises 16.2% of our gross domestic product. These costs rank us among the highest of industrialized nations (Lundy, 2010). Does this high expenditure equate to better outcomes? According to the National Scorecard on US Health System Performance (2008), the US received a 65 out of 100 possible points. Compared with 19 other industrialized nations, the US came in last place in preventable mortality. Preventable mortality means just that, deaths which could have been prevented if â€Å"timely and effective care† could have been provided (The Commonwealth Fund on a High Performanc e Health System, 2008). In 2000, the World Health Organization performed their first ever comparison of the health systems of the world. They reviewed 191 different countries and ranked them on numerous parameters, the United States ranked 37th for overall health system performance (WHO, 2000). Is it that our healthcare system is truly that poor, or is it that our care is only excellent for those patients who can actually afford it? A universal healthcare system would not only provide healthcare for all, it could also decrease our healthcare spending and potentially produce better health outcomes. High quality and less expensive healthcare can be achieved with a universal healthcare model. In fact, the United States is the... ...healthcare. At this point, the law encourages the free market system by requiring employers to purchase private insurance for their employees or face penalties. It also imposes new regulations on private insurers mandating that they provide insurance for all people, regardless of health status and preexisting conditions (KaiserEDU.org, 2010). The effects of the new act will not be seen for many years, the majority of the sections are not required to be in action until 2014. In the meantime, detractors of the law are working tirelessly to have it overturned. We have the benefit of closely examining how other countries of the world provide healthcare for all of their citizens. We can compare what works with what does not. Maybe it’s time we stop trying to fix our already broken system and focus on real change, universal healthcare as a right, not a privilege.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Brain Damage

Essay cover sheet Essay Title: What does the study of brain injury and disease tell us about normal brain functioning? Word count (Excluding title and references section): 829 What does the study of brain injury and disease tell us about normal brain functioning? To understand atypical brain function, it is important to distinguish the expectations for a typical brain function. It is true that many diseases or injuries result in impairments in cognition; as different areas of the brain is designed to control specific cognition and processes.For example the hemispheres are known to control different functions such as language, spatial judgements, reasoning and abstract notions (Martin, 2003). Whilst, the frontal lobe is famous for processing memory, attention, personality, and behaviour (Martin, 2003). Parietal lobe tends to control spatial and sensory information; whereas occipital lobe processes visual stimulus. Language, retrieval of memory and behaviour is administrated through te mporal lobe (Martin, 2003). Finally, the limbic system tends to control emotion as well as short term memory (Martin, 2003).Brain damage is the degeneration or abnormal growth of brain cells, which can be the result of outer (injury) or inner (disease) influences. Therefore, in cases of brain disease there are biological and psychological impairment that causes abnormality in the brain such as Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, Amnesia and Aphasia; which some may be genetically inherited. Brain disease such as Alzheimer’s help us to understand the processes of the central executive function, which assists in producing controlled and flexible responses (Groome, 2006).In Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), this process is replaced by automatic and stereotyped responses; thus, it results in a dysexecutive syndrome (Groome, 2006; Baddely & Wilson, 1988). Conditions such as AD, symptoms like amnesia and dementia are known to involve damage to frontal lobes (Groome, 2006); therefor e, there are impairments in abstract and conceptual thinking, attention, behaviour and memory. For example, lesions to frontal lobes result in difficulty in retrieving contextual information (Parkin, Walter & Hunkin. 1995); thus, when presented with series of items, the frontal lobe patients are likely to remember the item shortly after, however, are not able to specify the order in which they were presented in (Swain, Polkey, Bullock & Morris. , 1998). Additionally, patient H. M had part of his medial temporal lobes removed due to his epilepsy; however most of his hippocampus were also removed to reduce seizures (Groome, 2006). Although his condition improved, he developed amnesia, which affected his short term memory (Groome, 2006).This meant he was no longer able to form new memories due to the lesion made to his hippocampus. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that results in several cognition impairments such as: deficit in memory and learning, poor abstract thinking and pr oblem solving, difficulty in sustaining attention. Studies suggest that such patients are likely to suffer from dysfunction in areas such as : frontal lobe, temporal lobe, left or right hemisphere and basal ganglia (Blanchard & Neale, 1994). Heinrichs & Zakzanis (1998) illustrated how schizophrenic patients tend to have impaired verbal memory.Furthermore, injuries or lesions to frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex can result in language deficiencies, such as Wernicke and Broca’s aphasia (Groome, 2006). For example, patient Phineas Gage suffered an injury to the Broca’s area (damage to frontal lobe), showed inability to produce language, as there was no sentence structure and the language was just string of disjointed words (Fleischman, 2002; Groome, 2006). Gage also showed emotional inbalance, where he was described to have acted out of character and was more aggressive, which was the result of damage to amygdale (Fleischman, 2002; Groome, 2006).Whilst, We rnicke’s aphasia (damage to temporal lobe) results in meaningless production of language; the patient is able to produce sentences but it does not convey information (Groome, 2006). Moreover, studies on blindsight suggest that patients such as DB have no conscious experience of perceived surroundings, however they manage to use the visual information at some other level to guide them through the surrounding world (Groome, 2006). It is believed that this neglect is the result of damage to the contralateral hemisphere.For example patients who have lesions to the right hemisphere have left spatial neglect, thus will fail to notice the left side of space (Groome, 2006). Such studies, highlight that spatial neglect is not a unitary disorder but a cohort of deficits. Thus, it allows us to distinguish between conscious experiences and the ability to respond appropriately to stimulus (Groome, 2006). The brain is a major organ that executes functions and vital processes essential to h uman activity; for example thinking, memory, language and emotions.The use of brain injuries and diseases, enables us to identify better models to comprehend cognition; as these areas will create a natural lesion in the processing mechanism. Thus, it identifies specific elements that play a major role in cognition. The mentioned studies show specific cognitions can be used to process information in a particular way. To ensure that specific cognitive model is processing properly, it is important to look at the neural activity of that region. Lack of activity in the interested area shows impairment in the model and that region.Therefore, by studying that specific area further, we can highlight its activity and information processing. This will allow us to understand normal functioning of the brain further. However, it is important to note that these theories might not be fully supported. For example, not much is known about the central executive system; thus, the vagueness only allows to corroborate processes that are not fully understood. Therefore it is vital to critically analyse theories before applying them. References Baddeley, AD. Kopelman, MD. , and Wilson, BA. (2004). The Essential Handbook of Memory Disorders for Clinicians. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Blanchard, J. J. & Neale, J. M. (1994) The neuropsychological signature of schizophrenia: generalized or differential deficit? American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 40–48. Fleischman, J. (2002). Phineas Gage: A gruesome but true story about brain science. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Groome, D. (2006). An introduction to cognitive psychology. Hove: England. Heinrichs, R. W. & Zakzanis, K. K. 1998) Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology, 12, 426–445. Martin, G. N. (2003). Essential biological psychology. London: Arnold. Parkin, AJ. , Walter, BM. , and Hunkin, MM. (1995). Relationships between normal aging frontal lobe function, and memory for t emporal spatial information. Neuropsychology, 9, 304-312. Swain, SA. , Polkey, CE. , Bullock, P. & Morris, RB. (1998). Recognition memory and memory for order in script-based stories following frontal lobe excisions. Cortex. 34, 25-45.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Crime Diversion Programs and Prevention of Juvenile Crime Essay

We may think that all convicted individuals should spend some time, or in some cases, a substantial amount of time behind bars for the crimes that they have committed. It is true that under the current scheme of the law, people who have transgressed against the statutes that the society has set must stand before the judgment of the bar of law and if found guilty, pay restitution for their acts. But there is another way that these individuals can pay for their transgressions and not have to go in jail, what with the congested prison system currently plaguing penal facilities. Crime Diversion programs In the light of congested facilities in the penal system, several initiatives have taken root in the justice system designed to abet the instances of individuals from getting incarcerated for what the justice system calls non-violent or petty crimes. In California, several policy-making groups have endorsed ballot proposals that intend to address the situation of criminals committing these types of offenses to pay restitution for their crimes and for the society to satisfy the need for retribution for the transgressions that they have committed. Diversion Programs: what are they in the first place? These are intended to aid some offenders to defeat their habits (Gorelick Law Offices). In this regard, it is the desired goal that giving counsel to the offender in lieu of just incarcerating him/her (Gorelick). It was observed that the former instead of the latter mode of dealing with criminals are achieving greater rates of success (Gorelick). In this context, the offender is allowed to use the resources available to be able to sort out his/her problems (Gorelick). Proposition 36 In the late part of 2000, the voting public in the Big Bear state enacted a ballot proposal that would mandate certain individuals convicted of drug-related crimes to enter drug rehabilitation programs instead of incarceration (Allison Colker, 2004). The California Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act, or simply Proposition 36, is not the pioneering law that seeks to mandate rehabilitation instead of incarceration for those convicted of drug related crimes (Colker, 2004). But the Proposition has gained nationwide notice for the innovative and some times debatable provisions (Colker, 2004). Many supporters of the initiative view the controversial policy as a pragmatic approach to the problem of crime and drug addiction (Colker, 2004). But there is opposition to the new statute that argues that the proposition is a callow solution to a very multifarious problem (Colker, 2004). In the context of Proposition 36, people who are convicted users of illegal narcotics are asked to enter treatment programs as a provision in their probation programs (Gorelick). Individuals who are drug users but have not convicted of violent offenses and those that have been caught twice for the simple offense of drug use are eligible for the diversion program (Gorelick). In a research study conducted by the California Legislative Analysts Office, it stated that the Proposition will have substantial ramifications both for state and local authorities (Colker, 2004). In the report, it is estimated that 24,000 people incarcerated for non violent illegal narcotics possession will be stationed in community based rehabilitation programs instead of languishing in state penal facilities (Colker, 2004). Penal Code 1000 In this program, individuals who are convicted of drug related cases must attend a four month long seminar once a week (Gorelick). If the offender fulfills all the requirements in the program, then the criminal record of the individual will be expunged (Gorelick). This condition is pursuant that the offender is not accosted and is legally charged within a period of one and half years (Gorelick). In the operation of Proposition 36, the conviction and the criminal record of the offender will be removed (Wallin and Klarich). In the Penal 1000 ambit, the record will stay with the defendant until completion of the program and probation period (Wallin and Klarich). Crime Diversion and Juvenile Crime As the term connotes, juvenile crime diversion programs are formulated to arrest the trend of juveniles committing more grievous offenses in the future (County of San Diego). While many programs vary in the composition and programs they espouse, several similarities are found in each of the programs (San Diego). If the juvenile is arrested, the arresting authority, embodied by the police or law enforcement official, can refer the juvenile offender to a diversion program instead of incarceration (San Diego). If the juvenile offender meets the criteria set for referral, then a Juvenile Diversion Specialist will take over the disposition of the case from the police, and can recommend to the parents and the offender courses of action that the JDS will take (San Diego). Many large cities have incorporated the efforts of strict law enforcement with the option for treatment (Little Hoover Commission). In their studies and experience, the rates of crime have significantly decreased in the adoption of preventive measures in the lowering of instances of crimes instigated by youths (Hoover). These programs have been proven to be cost effective if these programs are focused on the families of the risk sector of the children (Hoover). California has given valuable input by allocating resources in the way of prevention initiatives in the education establishment, law enforcement and the support for community based programs (Hoover). It is here that a greater understanding on the factors of crime causation (Hoover). At present, the factors behind why crimes are committed and its prevention (Hoover). Research has allowed the viewing of factors in the causation of crime and the attendant factors behind them (Hoover). It is also seen in the past years that prevention programs and their effectiveness have been measures using scientific techniques and processes (Hoover). Communities with the assistance of state authorities have been able to formulate programs that are designed to prevent crime from juvenile individuals (Hoover). References Colker, A. C. (2004). California’s proposition 36 and other state diversion `programs: moving drug offenders out of prison and into treatment. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http://www. ncsl. org/programs/health/capropib. htm County of San Diego. (n. d. ). Juvenile diversion. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http://www. co. san-diego. ca. us/grandjury/reports/2003_2004/JuvenileDiversion. pdf Gorelick Law Offices. (n. d. ). Diversion programs in Conta Costra and Alameda County. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http://www. gorelick-law. com/Criminal_Defense/Diversion_Programs. aspx Little Hoover Commission. (n. d. ). The opportunity of this generation. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http://www. lhc. ca. gov/lhcdir/159/finding2. pdf Wallin and Klarich. (n. d. ). California drug diversion program under Penal Code 1000 minimizes collateral damage. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http://www. southerncaliforniadefenseblog. com/2009/03/california_drug_diversion_prog. html

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Life Cycle of Stars

Stars are just as mortal as us, they also born and they die too, after weaving a long span of electromagnetic spectrum with waves like radio waves, microwaves, or ultraviolet waves, besides emitting light. The humans witness this fascinating life of stars from a safe distance and even enjoy a frugal part of it by watching VIBGYOR here and there! Hues as Clues Each group of waves has its own wavelength, and thus different amount of energy, though all of them travel at the speed of light. It is this uniqueness of the each group of waves provide the clue regarding the present state of a star, from which the astronomers work out its past and future alongside its possible impact on the universe. A Comic Breather While astronomy remains a serious and ever challenging subject, the scientists don't miss the scope to entertain them by churning amusing titles for serious jobs. As for example, if someone hears an astronomer saying, â€Å"Oh be a fine girl! Kiss me!†, one should not be perturbed with any misconception about the nature of that astronomer. Because, â€Å"Oh be a fine girl, kiss me† is just a mnemonic created by the letters denoting the classification of the stars (O, B, A, F, G, K, M). These seven letters distinguish the stars into seven major categories by evaluating their spectra (ordered array of the waves) and temperature. However, the Hertzsprung -Russell (H-R) Diagram, essentially a graph, divides the stars into three very different types after considering the color of a star (spectral type or its surface temperature) against its luminosity (its natural brightness, or absolute magnitude). These three groups are known as ‘Main Sequence Stars', ‘Supergiants' and ‘White Dwarf' (Neutron stars, or Black Holes). The Journey Scientists estimate that the Universe was born 15000 million years ago, by virtue of a colossal explosion, which has been named as ‘Big Bang'. It was that explosion which had created energy, space, time and matter. It was very shortly after the explosion, atomic particles got together to form the gases like helium and hydrogen, which then went on to create the galaxies, stars and the Universe over millions of years and still they are at it. Thus the process that was started with expansion and change is still goes on. The astronomers have estimated the estimated timeline of the events till now and it goes like below: 1000 million years after the Big Bang : The matters started coming together. 3000 million years after the above: Galaxies began to form, the quasars came into being a little later, which are the forerunner of galaxies, evolves further through another 5000 million years, before our galaxy, the Milky way formed into a shape of disc! Our galaxy is a member of a community of 100,000 million galaxies. Thus the celestial hierarchy looks like below: Big Bang to Nebula; Nebula to Protostar; Protostar to Tauri type star Further consolidation of T.Tauri star leads to the Main Sequence star, which after the increase in its luminosity turns as Red Giant star. Red Giant star turns Cepheid star, which gradually turns White/Black Dwarf, before becoming a Black Hole. This estimation through Big Bang theory is still accepted in the astronomy world. However, it is still difficult to ascertain the exact nature of the events or to specifically deny any missing event that might have taken place somewhere in the middle. Characteristics Giant Nuclear Reactors A tremendous atomic collision takes place in the center of the stars, which rip apart the atoms and alter their structure, in the process of which, they release an enormous amount of energy. This makes them hot and bright. Nuclear fusion at their core generates the power in them, mostly by converting hydrogen into helium. In spite of this constant process, stars have a steady period during their life span, when they transform hydrogen into helium. When they run out of hydrogen, they enter their last phase of life. Then the formed helium in them transforms into larger elements like carbon, oxygen or neon. After the formation of the nebula, known as the ‘cosmic placenta', stars are born in groups within a galaxy, which is then called ‘stellar nursery'. Most of them break up, while the rest are kept together by gravity. The rest of a star's life depends on how big it is, but in opposite way – the bigger it is in size, the quicker it spends its stock of hydrogen fuel and thus dies earlier after a stormy life. Some even explode due to its massive size. However, most of the stars, like our own Sun, manage to maintain a stable life when they shine steadily. Luminosity The luminosity of a star helps to estimate the amount of energy it radiates. It varies with its surface temperature and with its radius, where the stars with higher surface temperature, like the ‘Blue Giants', generates higher luminosity than the ‘Red Giants', which are relatively colder. The observed brightness of a star is dependent on the factors like emission, intensity and distance. Long life span Most stars spend their life by fusing hydrogen into helium, so is the case of our sun, which has been doing it for some five billion years, and is expected to continue doing it for another five billion or so years. This hydrogen burning starts from the very center of the star, and moves its way out, leaving a core of helium behind. The Last Days With age, the stars expand. Their cores gradually run out of hydrogen and then helium, expanding the core contacts and the outer layers, which become cool and loose its brightness. This is the last stage of the stars, before meeting the death according to their size: Sun-like Stars (under 1.5 times the mass of Sun) –> Red Giant –> Planetary Nebula –>White Dwarf –> Black Dwarf ; Huge Stars (between 1.5 to 3 times the mass of Sun) –> Red SuperGiant –> Supernova –> Neutron Star; Giant Stars (over 3 times the mass of Sun) –> Red SuperGiant –> Supernova –> Black Hole. Conclusion The life cycle of stars resembles everyday recycling process in our lives: certain components (gases) are gathered and then, with the help of a catalyst (gravitational force), those components become bound into cohesion   to give birth to a new material (star), all to worn out, before regrouping again under the same influences. Ends REFERENCES Stars (2003). 3 Nov, 2007. http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/stars.php Space (1993).   Universe (pp. 273-284). London, Great Britain: Dorling Kindersley.      

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Market plan

The company has planned to start Its business In the urban areas In and around Tamil Nadia and has its own retail outlets in few major cities like Achaean, Benedictory, Cuddlier, Upstream, Salem, Bangor and in other similar cities. We believe that the growing need of the market for quality and safe herbal products will help the company to succeed. Intelligent decision, sincere efforts and skilful execution will propel the company to reach greater heights People have once again started practicing our traditional method of using deadline herbs to treat Injuries, health and personal care problems.These products are very effective, don't cause side effects, and are a cheaper when compared to the costly chemical products available in the market. These herbal products used in India are broadly classified into herbal health products and herbal beauty products. Before starting the business Tony Herbs conducted a research about the market condition for natural and herbal products in India. It collected useful information that will help the company to reach the target market in a better and a faster way.Customer Information Tony Herbs targets both the Individual customer market and the commercial market Industries). Individual customers: We are concentrating mainly on the urban population of Tamil Nadia constituting 46 the state The urban population is about 31. 74 million. Conscious about their health and are very particular about the products they use Commercial market: It includes the following industries: 1 . Arrived drug industry 2. Homeopathic drug industry 3. Cosmetic and hair industry 4. Food supplements industry 5. Soap industry Market NeedThe basic market need is high quality and safe herbal products. People are looking for products that are 100% chemical free even without added preservatives and emulsifying agents. They also look for products with long shelf life. Market forecast In India the market for herbal products is growing every year. The market for her bal products is not crowded as there are only few players in this business. So there is an ample chance for succeeding in this business right now. SOOT ANALYSIS Strengths: The products are of high quality 100% pure- chemical free Offers competitive price Excellent packagingGood distribution channel Weaknesses: It's a start up business and so a huge amount must be spent for creating awareness Also the budget for marketing is limited Opportunities: The market is not crowded with herbal products Not many competitors in this business As few herbs can be grown only in India there is large scope for exporting the products to the nearby countries Threats: Erratic weather conditions can lower the field yields There a few competitors for this business: The products from the super markets: The problem with these products is that the packaging is not very good and so the reduces will not have a long shelf life.Products from Private companies: It includes companies like Forest Essentials, Bouti que, Himalaya, Dabber and Lotus. They are big players but the disadvantage is that the products are not 100% pure (they use preservatives and emulsifying agents) and are quite expensive. Products from local shops: The products of the local shops are of poor quality. Our mission is to delight the customers with our high quality and safe herbal products and build a long term customer loyalty.Our initial objective is to create customer awareness about the range of products offered by us To develop a customer base To build long term customer loyalty Thereby achieving greater profitability Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning Since the company is based in Tamil Nadia, it plans to concentrate on the market in and around Tamil Nadia. It segments the market into rural and urban. It focuses only on the urban market under which it targets both the individual customers and other commercial businesses (industries).It plans to position the product as High quality 100% chemical free Safe to use Long shelf life Competitive price Tony herbs offers variety of products in the form of powder, capsules, essential oils and extracts without any added preservatives and emulsifying agents. The products are in their purest form and are of high quality. Tony herbs takes all measures to ensure that packing & sealing processes are never compromised which in turn ensure long shelf life.To offer consistent customer satisfaction with high quality products Tony Herbs follows strict quality control measures, right from procurement, till packing and dispatching of the entire consignment. PRICE It will offer competitive price for individual customers. This is done in order to create awareness and to stay ahead of the competitors. Offering low price will eventually For other industries it will initially offer products for lower prices and when once it has established a position in the market it will offer its products at reasonable price to them.Tony Herbs plans to promote its products through the following methods: Advertisements through television channels Advertisements through newspapers and radio Sample packets with magazines and newspapers Selling the products in local exhibition and fair Gifting the products to celebrities in reality shows Networking through managers and owners of other businesses For the individual customers, along with the products the company provides instruction manual on how to use the products for different purposes.This will, in a way help the individual customers to get rid of their fear of using the products. Also the company offers certain accessories like bowl and applying brush for free. FEED BACK Tony Herbs plans to get feedback from its customers periodically. This will help it to improve its products according to the suggestions given by the customers. By doing so, Tony Herbs can prove that it can do anything for the customer satisfaction even at the expense of short term profits as this investment would pay off with long term custom er loyalty. Market plan The company should start exploring. Ideas about the product are sought through consumer requests, competitive products in the market which may make the product not to be sold in the market due to competition, conducting market research which helps managers to collect and interpret facts that help in putting the product more efficiently into the hands of customers. It also evaluates distribution channels best suited for the product to the market and consumers acceptance of the product in the market. Diversification which effects growth through development of new areas that are clearly distinct from the current business. It may be through   conglomerate diversification which takes place when an organization diversify into areas they are not currently operating or concentric diversification which occurs when organization diversify to areas related to but distinct from current operations e.g. the company may diversify to women or men’s clothing depending which field they were currently operating. The company should also do screening of ideas. This is a preliminary evaluation which is carried out to determine whether the ideas has possibilities and whether shall be further developed or dropped. The bad ideas should be discarded and good ideas taken into consideration. It should also contain situation analysis which includes information on costs, sales the market competitors and various processes in the macro-environment. Market segmentation by subdividing the market of consumers of a product in order to capture more sales effectively and efficiently. It may lead to increase in marketing opportunities because when markets come close to group of customers, they respond to changes in the markets and can develop or modify the products. t also contains a SWOT analysis of the firm. This is a method of assessing organization and environmental factors which contribute to an organization’s competitiveness. It also enables managers to develop a strategic profile of the organization based on the information they have collected It also assumes an   organization will achieve strategic success by maximizing strengths and opportunities while minimizing weaknesses and threats. Strengths are internal conditions that provide the organization with an advantage relative to competitor’s e.g. good financial resources, better manufacturing capability, changes with new technology. Weaknesses are negative internal conditions that can lead to a lowering of organization performance e.g. absence of necessary resources, poor product image, managers with inadequate strategy skills. Opportunities are current or future conditions in the environment that is favorable to an organization’s current or potential outputs e.g. growing number of customers, introduction of new technologies that an organization can easily exploit diversification of the clothing. Threats are current or future conditions in the environment that is unfavorable to an organization’s current and potential outputs e.g. entry into the market of low cost competitor, rising sales of substitute products. Specification: The ideas are expanded to a realistic recommendation where a further research is conducted or carried out on features and competitors probable actions. This is where the idea is examined and it helps to know how the competitors react to that idea in this case the clothing brand juicy couture. Marketing mix which is a combination of different marketing decision variables being used by affirm to market its goods and services e.g. product mix which includes the shape, design etc and promotion mix which includes methods of communicating to customers and sales promotion. Development of idea is the next step. This involves building of prototypes to be shown and inseminated or distributed. The prototypes are models of the real thing or a sample of how the final product will look like. When it has been developed, it is taken to customers for them to see any products they may involve or their goodness. Based on the results from customers the product is then restructured so as to take into consideration the customers desires. The process continues until good quality products are produced as per customer’s specifications. Then, judgment about feasibility of the products are proved or disapproved. Samples are tested in the market and analyzed. From there the exact specification is then chosen which will attract the majority of customers. After all that, then there is commercialization step whereby it involves full-scale production of the product and extensive advertising and selling in the market. Branding is the use of a name, term, symbol, or design or a combination of these to identify a product. It includes the use of brand names, trademarks, and practically all other means of product identification. A brand name is a word, letter, or a group of words or letters. According to Adcock, marketing principles and practices (2001), â€Å"A brand is not a product that just happens to have high awareness, nor is it just a recognizable name or logo, although both these are often present. It is so much more; it is a powerful stimulus that conjures up a complex impasse and level of expectation about itself and what it can do for a consumer†. In branding, the company should analyze the situation and come up with a list of problems facing the brand as well as opportunities for new and improved products. The results of analysis of situation should picture the current position of the business and likely environmental changes. It should also highlight a number of problems and opportunities. It should be done for the product the firm is considering to enter. An important of the way customers perceive an offering is the recognition of that offering as a brand. A brand can either be an asset or a liability depending on the attitude of the customer towards it. Brand names are adopted by customers as a short-hand identification of the product, and taken as an assurance of the general quality and characteristics of the product. The following strategies and techniques might be used by the company to successfully brand itself. They should employ concentration strategy whereby it focuses on effecting the growth of the product. Can be done through market development. This is gaining a larger share in the current market or expanding to new markets. It may also focus on product development which is improving the existing product. Individual brand names: This is a technique used when a company wishes to separate its products and does not think there are any benefits from joint associations. Multiple product brands: Juicy Couture Company may use one standard name, often the company name for all its products it’s producing. This can offer marketing economies where a strong favorable brand name carries across the whole assortment, to the benefit of otherwise weaker products, and assisting the acceptance of new products by consumers and intermediaries alike. Multi-branding: This is where a manufacturer for this case Juicy Couture Company may use umbrella brand together with a different sub-brand name for various product offering. It may design their products in a way which is unique from other products in the market. This makes customers to be aware of unique products in the market and they will start asking for that product in order to purchase it. Therefore branding of products contributes to the acceptance of the product in the market. If products have bad brands, they will end up not being recognized by customers in the market and if brand names are good which attracts the attention of customers it will end up being purchased in large quantities in the market hence good sales. REFERENCE: 1. Product planning management by William L. Moore and Edgar A. Pessemier (1993) 2. Brand positioning: Strategies for competitive advantage by Sengupta, Subroto (1990) 3. Brand strategy by Murphy, John M. (1990) 4. Marketing management: B2B by Michael D. Hutt and Thomas W. Speh (2007) 5. Marketing principles and practices by Denis Adcock, Al Halborg and Caroline Ross (2001)       Â